The vast advances in understanding the brain during the last few decades have taught us a great deal about the functions of specific brain structures, and how experience impacts the developing brain. Most importantly, it is clear that the brain has an ongoing capacity to change and adapt.

Communication between cells and cell groups in the brain generates thoughts, sensations, feelings and actions. The interactive pathways in the brain depend on electrical circuits with different frequencies and amplitudes. While psychiatry has concentrated on the chemicals of emotion, it has largely ignored the circuits of thought and perception. This focus on chemicals can be compared to focusing on changing the way your car runs by changing the gasoline you put in the tank. However, in most cases it probably would be more fruitful to pay attention to the timing of the fuel injection system and the transmission of energy from the engine to the wheels.

For over twenty years it has been known that one can change perception and attention by altering the electrical rhythms inside the brain. This can be done by providing it with feedback to increase certain frequencies and decrease others. In neurofeedback (NFB), electrical brain activity is recorded by placing a sensor on different locations on the head and then transmitting the brain’s signals via electrodes to a computer screen. One then can provide direct feedback about brain activity with auditory and visual cues. Which brainwaves are desirable varies from person to person and has both objective (e.g., EEG) and subjective elements (e.g., reporting what makes you feel more alert, focused, relaxed, secure, etc.). As the brain is rewarded for making specific brainwaves, it can gradually learn to re-regulate its own functioning. The mechanism of action is similar to other forms of learning: the more the brain is rewarded while being trained in a desirable frequency, the more it will function in that frequency after training.

Do you want to participate in research on neurofeedback?

The Trauma Center is committed to exploring the capacity of neurofeedback to help traumatized individuals. The Trauma Center recently received a three-year grant from the ANS Foundation in London, UK, to study and document the effectiveness of NFB for traumatized children and adults. Our center is currently involved in a pilot study to investigate the ways NFB can address problems experienced by adults impacted by trauma and is in the process of recruiting traumatized adults to participate in a study to examine the effectiveness of NFB. Participants will complete in-depth baseline, weekly, and monthly measurement of their overall level of functioning, and receive weekly NFB administered by the Center's trained NFB practitioners.

Adults who wish to participate in the study should contact Mark Gapen, Ph.D. at (617) 232-1303, x-213. Please note that our grant funding currently only covers treatment for adults; neurofeedback treatment for children at the Trauma Center is available on a self-pay basis only.

Bibliography

• Gyorgy Buzsaki: Rhythms of the Brain, 2006.
• Davidson, R. J., Jackson, & D. C., Kalin, N. H.(2000). Emotion, plasticity, context, and regulation: Perspectives from affective neuroscience. Psychological Bulletin, 126(6), 890-909.
• Doidge, Norman: The Brain That Changes Itself (2007).
• Hammond, D. C. (2005). Neurofeedback treatment for depression and anxiety. Journal of Adult Development, 12, 131-137.
• Monastra, V. J., Monastra, D. M., & George, S. (2002). The effects of stimulant therapy, EEG biofeedback, and parenting style on the primary symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback, 27, 231-249.
• Robbins James: A symphony in the brain: The Evolution of the New Brain Wave Biofeedback. 2005.
• Van der Kolk, B. A.(2005). Clinical Implications of Neuroscience Research for the Treatment of PTSD. Annals New York Academy of Sciences (can be downloaded from the Trauma Center website under "Publications").